be期货 关于期货公式
期货经典名言名句大全
1. Plan your trades and trade your plans.
为你的交易做好计划；按你的计划执行交易。
2. Hope and fear are the two greatest enemies of speculators.
期冀和恐惧是投机者两个最大的敌人。
3. Keep records of your trading results.
对你的交易结洞型笑果做好纪录。
4. Maintain a positive attitude no matter how much you lose.
不管纳含你输了多少，保持一个积极的态度。
5. Avoid overconfidence--it could be your greatest enemy.
不要过分自信--它会成为你最大的仇敌。
6. Continually set higher trading goals.
不断设定更高的交易目标。
7. Stops are the key to success for many traders--limit your losses!
设定止损是很多交易者成功的关键--限制你的亏损！
8. The most successful traders are those that trade long term.
最成功的交易商是做长线交易的交易商。
9. Successful traders buy into bad news＆sell into good news.
成功的交易者在坏消息时买，在好消息时卖。
10. The successful trader is not afraid to buy high＆sell low.
成功的交易者不怕在高位时买进，在低位时卖出。
11. Successful traders have a well scheduled planned time for studying the markets.
成功的交易者有效地规划时间来进行市场研究。
12. Successful traders set profit objectives for each trade they enter.
成功的交易者为他们所做的每一笔交易都设定有赢利目标。
13. Do not collect the opinions of others before entering trades--facts are priceless--opinions are worthless. In short successful traders isolate themselves from the opinions of others.
不要在还没进入交易以前就到处征求意见--事实价值无穷、意见一文不值。简单地说，成功的交易者不为别人的意见所左右。
14. Continually strive for patience, perseverance, determination, and rational action.
不断地为耐心、毅力、决断和理性的行为作努力。
15. Never get out of the market just because you have lost patience or get into the market because you are anxious from waiting.
决不租睁要因为失去耐心而退出市场，也决不要因为迫不及待而进入市场。
16. Avoid getting in or out of the market too often.
进出市场不要过于频繁。
17. The most profitable trading tool is simply following the trend.
最佳的赢利方法就是跟随趋势。
18. Never change your position in the market without a good reason. When you make a trade, let it be for some good reason or according to a definite plan; then do not get out without a definite indication of a change in trend.
除非有充分的理由，不要改变你在市场里的头寸。每做一手交易时，你都要有可以依据的理由或者明确的计划；此后，除非有明确的趋势改变的迹象，不要退出。
19. Losses make the speculator studious--not profits. Take advantage of every loss to improve your knowledge of market action.
赔钱不能赢利，但能使投机者细心钻研。抓住每一次赔钱的机会，改进你对市场行为的了解。
20. The most difficult task in speculation is not prediction but self－control. Successful trading is difficult and frustrating. You are the most important element in the success equation.
在投机里最难的任务不是预测，而是自我控制。成功的交易是艰难和令人烦恼的交易。在成功的等式里，你是最重要的因素。
关于期货公式
应用和理论永远都是有差距的，这个在各个行业都成立。
因为市场是人做出来的，影响市场的因素成千上万，而公式里仅仅那几个参数而已，怎么可能描述得了所有的可能性？最起码一个就是公式永远搞不定的——人的心理因素，所谓的跟风盘，追涨杀跌造成的大盘变化，公式能算出来吗？抑或是每个参数的取值你打算怎么取呢？你怎么确定无风险利率r的取值？根据通货膨胀率，还是银行存款利率？怎么取R？根据在哪里？等等,而这一切都将影响你的利润，你操盘的风险系数。当然模型也不是毫无用处的，使用的时候尽量要从综合的角度去考虑，模型计算出来的数据则可以变成分析报告中的一部分~
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这两种公式不矛盾只是针对性不同
另外说明一下我学的时候是英文学的对应国内的中文术语不太准确但我会尽量解释希望不会造成误解
期货定价原理是有先决条件的不同期货品种定价也都会在基础公式上推导。
你给的信息太笼统没办法判断公式具体含义尤其是第一个推导公式成百上千觉得实际中需要什么了就可以根据数学模型结合实际推导出来一个不可能每个都学过可不可能每个都是通用公式
第一个公式不懂要看他给出这个模型的说明这不是一个通用的基础公式 model都是有针对性的你没给出信息我也看不懂看结构有点类似于以天为单位的价格变动计算
第二个是以连续时间位时间段做复利计算而r的复利间隔是多久呢？连续的……说白了是一个类似于极限值的东西推出来的，就有点类似于把想要取的时间段无限变小小到极限就是连续的，这是数学上的概念过程也是纯数学的。
作为基础公式计算未来期货价格 f=s*e^(r-R)(T-t)
比如我这里取t=0（当前）T=0.25年（也就是3个月）那3个月后期货价格应该是f=s*e^（r-R）*0.25这里如果T不是以年单位一定要换算成年因为连续复利的定义就是以年为单位的
对不起，一定要道歉就是r-R我解释的不正确。太久没有看那些理论了，有点记混了，可是那天仔细想了想，呵呵，回忆起来了。真是很对不起！希望没者扒有影响到你正常的理解和学习。
你这个公式也不是基础伍胡公式，R在这里指的是在合约有限期内预期支付资产价值R%的报酬，基础公式是F= S e^rT，也就是说如果投资S，T之后价值在r利率下应该是F，但是如果要支付R的报酬，那就要把支付的减下去才是未来s真正的价格。这个公式主要使用在股指期货中。其中R指的是股指平均红利率.because R is known, so we could calculate the present value of the yield R in(T-t):Se^-R(T-t).
Then we calculte the value generated by r, according to the basic formula, the present value is Fe^-r(T-t)
Fe^-r(T-t) is the cash inflow, and Se^-R(T-t)can be considered as cash outflow in the investment. Let inflow= outflow, we may got a equation and derive the final result: F=Se^(r-R)(T-t)
其他类型的期货各有不同的公式名如果你感兴趣，把你的信箱发给我，我会把我的资料发给你，不过都是英文的，但也不难，你能看懂的。
第二个公式也是存在的，不过计算的是期货合约的value而不是定价，关系到profit或者loss的计算。里面参数的设定也有区别。我也不多说了，免的你更乱了。
e的使用 e是一个常数好像是2.63..（记不清楚了肯定大于2）小数部分无限不循环一般如果真要求结果我们都是利用计算器上的e直接带的没有自己输入过一个保留过位数的具体数值，保留过就是不准确的。期货定价和杠杆交易放大倍数没有任何关系，e就是一个常数不会变化的……这是数学基本腔嫌拦常识。
期货的放大倍数不见得都是10不同品种保证金要求不同比如橡胶可能是5-6%等等金融期货也各自不同不能同日而语。而且这和期货定价没有任何关系……只是杠杆交易的规则而已。具体例子需要吗？比如说某现货10块钱一吨，他对应的3个月期货价格根据公式计算可能是12块钱，那如果保证金是10%你要交易这个合约就要拿出1.2元钱这个是杠杆交易的倍数放大问题……
假设这个公式是真理公式就是很完美很正确的那么如果计算出来三个月的期货价格是12，如果现在市场上是11，忽略手续费，该怎么操作？当然是买入，因为三个月后价格一定会涨到12元钱，对应的就是卖空，明白这个道理了吗？和杠杆交易放大倍数没有任何关系。
外汇也分实盘和衍生品有杠杆交易的是衍生品，什么是实盘，你去银行兑换美元去美国旅行消费兑换的美金就是实盘交易……
如果你面对考试选择哪个公式呢？看他题里给的r的定义，是连续复利的r（这个连续复利是我自己乱翻译的英文是compounded continuously，你可以自己查资料找对应术语），那就一定要用有e的那个模型因为这个模型是复利计算最终推导出来的公式，放在其他公式上r的取值就错误了。第一个公式你看r是怎么定义的，题里给的一样那就带第一个公式，希望我说的比较明白了
但就好像楼上的讲的这些只是一个model至于哪个更合理哪个更好用要看其他数据信息和分析师自己的选择了对于实际市场操作本人认为用处不大市场要是这么跟着模型规规矩矩的没人不赚钱了呵呵所以他说的对没必要较真就是把结论记住了如果你要把模型都搞明白起码硕士以上水平如果自己能设计模型博士拿下来了……考一个从业资格证不需要这些水平知道基础结论就行不用深究。
期货电子书
《克罗谈期货交易策略》
Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy（Stanley Kroll, 1988）
是本好书，需要的话留个邮箱我发给你
以下是书的引子和序：
FOREWORD
引子
In John Train’s excellent book, The Money Masters, he writes about the careers and professional methods of nine great investors. Among them are several stars whose names are well known to all of us- Warren Buffet, Benjamin Graham, T. Rowe Price, Larry Tisch, and John Templeton. There, among this“Murderers’ Row” of investors, you will also find the name of Stanley Kroll. Train describes the commodities business, where Stanley made his money, as an“impossible casino.” If this is so, Kroll has had some good runs at the gaming table, and they clearly are no accident or mere luck.
在《股市大亨》这本佳作中，作者约翰•崔恩描述了9位投资大师的生平事迹和专业技能。其中几位明星——沃伦•巴菲特，本杰明•格雷厄姆，T•袭没洛威•普莱斯，拉里•狄许和约翰•坦普顿，他们都是我们熟悉的大师。在这些堪称“谋杀者行列”的投资者中，你也能找到斯坦利•克罗的大名。崔恩描述了斯坦利在“不可能赌场”中赚钱的期货告慧交易。果真如此，克罗袜禅答在赌桌上的确演出了几场精彩好戏，这绝非意外或纯属运气。
In the 1970s, Stanley had a three-year run during which he built$18,000 of his own money into$1 million. And he performed with equally spectacular skill for his partners. It’s best to leave the other tales of Stanley’s exploits to readers of Train’s book. Suffice it to say that they are impressive displays of guts and brains.
70年代，斯坦利有一场为时3年的演出，他将自己的18000元增值到100万元，他为他的合伙人也赚到了相同的报酬。斯坦利其它的精彩演出，读者可以从崔恩的著作一窥究竟。不用多说，这些表现明白地展现出他的胆识和智慧。
I am not a“commodities man” myself. I try to stick to the paths that I understand better, primarily equities and debt instruments. For me, reading Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy was an education. The thing that most impresses me about the book is that virtually all the major tenets of Kroll’s advice are rooted in a constant regard for discipline and common sense. In short, the best parts of his advice share the underpinnings of any good investment strategy- watch the markets carefully, do copious research, and keep a level head. As Stanley points out, hapless traders act“on the basis of emotion instead of discipline, sentiment instead of logic, and subjectivity instead of objectivity.”
我并非“期货人”。我试图坚守在自己比较了解的金融工具，主要是股票和债券。对我而言，阅读《克罗谈期货交易策略》是一种学习。令我印象最深刻的是，克罗建议中最重要的原则几乎完全根植于对纪律和常识的关注。简而言之，他最佳的建议透露出一切良好投资策略的基础——用心观察市场，深入研究，保持客观。斯坦利指出，不幸的交易者“根据情绪而非纪律，依据感觉而非逻辑，以主观而非客观行事。”
Stanley’s trading philosophy draws most of its important principles from a central core that is key to almost all investing- identify the major ongoing trend of each market and trade in the direction of the dominant trend. Most really savvy investors know that this is as much a key of making money in equities as it is in commodities. One of the reasons that Stanley is highly regarded and has done so well is that his feet are grounded in concrete and not in clay.
斯坦利的交易哲学从一个核心思想导出若干重要原则，这个核心思想几乎是所有投资行为的关键——辨别出市场的重大趋势，并且顺势交易。多数聪明的投资者都明白这个核心思想，在期货市场和股票市场获利的关键是一样的。斯坦利表现良好且受重视的原因之一，即是他脚踏实地而非浮沙建塔。
When you meet Stanley, as I have many times, you are immediately impressed by how little this expert on commodities claims to know. This is one of the greatest strengths of most real experts. They don’t get overly confident or pretend omniscience. Better to constantly assume that you don’t know enough and constantly investigate your assumptions and numbers; hence, another important Kroll tenet-play in the real world. As he puts it,“the need for a disciplined and objective approach to futures trading is a recurring theme in this book.” Realistically, it is the theme of the book.
如果你见到斯坦利，会和我见到他一样，他认为交易期货不需要了解太多的东西，你会对这个观点印象深刻。这也正是大多数真正专家最突出的优点之一。他们不会过度自信或假装什么都知道。最好是承认自己知识不足，而不断研究自己的假设和数字。斯坦利另一个重要原则是——做真实的交易。正如他所说，“期货交易所需要的纪律和客观方法是本书一再重复的主题。”其实，这就是本书的主题。
Reading Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy can do a little something for all investors. It will not make you into an avid commodities trader overnight, but there is solid advice for each of us. For the novice, it brings a sense, stated in plain English, of how these markets operate and what investing“systems” can work well. For the expert, the book contains plenty of details for resharpening already good steel. For the investor in general, Stanley offers a sense of what makes good investors really good- consistent hard effort on research and the discipline to put it to work participating in significant market trends. Everyone with money in any market can benefit from a healthy dose of Stanley’s advice.
阅读《克罗谈期货交易策略》一书，能使所有投资者有所收获。它不会让你一夜之间成为鲜活的期货交易者，但本书为我们提供了可靠的建议。对新手而言，书中用平铺直叙的文字告诉你市场是如何运作的，以及哪种投资“系统”能带来利润。对专家而言，本书的很多细节能让你锦上添花。对于普通投资者而言，斯坦利提出优秀投资者成功的线索——不断努力研究，并且付诸行动，以有纪律的方式顺势交易。任何投资者都可以从斯坦利的合理建议中受益。
Douglas A. McIntyre
President& Publisher
FINANCIAL WORLD
New York City
May 27, 1987
道格拉斯•A•麦金太尔
总裁兼发行人
《金融世界》杂志
纽约市
1987年5月27日
PREFACE
作者序言
The fund manager from Seattle, visibly agitated, had been giving me a hard time. It was a bleak mid-November afternoon in 1985, and he had come to Port Washington to talk to me about his futures trading. As we sat in the paneled salon of my boat-cum-office-cum-residence, he painfully described how he had been whipsawed in soybeans over the past year in a succession of losing trades- despite what appeared to have been a reasonably(down) trending market. Trouble was, he had allowed himself to be influenced by news, TV reports, and trade gossip. Although he had gotten onto the right(short) side of the market at times, he invariably panicked(he called it“defensive posturing”) and closed out his good positions at nearly every countertrend rally that came along. He somehow“managed” to hang onto his losing trades during this period, which considerably worsened his already dismal performance. His state of mind during our meeting matched his gloomy track record.
西雅图来访的基金经理人，显然情绪不安，给我带来了挑战。那是1985年11月中旬一个寒冷的下午，他来到华盛顿港，和我讨论他的期货交易。当时我们坐在既是住处又是办公室的船舱中，他痛苦地描述着，过去几年他一直在黄豆市场惨遭洗盘，造成一连串损失的经历——他竟然看不出来那是个很合理的下跌趋势。他的问题是，他让自己受到新闻、电视报导和小道消息的影响。虽然有时候他会抓对市场趋势（下跌），却始终受到惊吓（他称之为“防守”），总是在之后的行情反弹时平仓了。不知为何，他又会抱牢亏钱的仓位，使得原本表现欠佳的成绩雪上加霜。他和我谈话时所表露的心态，和他差劲的交易纪录吻合。
Having gotten his grim confession off his chest, he asked, rather testily, what my trading system had done in beans over the period.“It’s been short since June 11,” was my response.“June 11? What’s so great about that,” he managed to grumble, mentally calculating the time interval as being just five months.“June 11 of 1984,” I replied. A long silence ensued. We both knew that, having being continuously short of soybeans for the past 17 months, the profit in the position exceeded$10,000 per contract.
在一吐心中愤闷后，他不耐烦地问道，我的交易系统这段时间在黄豆市场的表现如何？我回答，“从6月11日开始，交易系统一直指示做空，”。“6月11日？那有什么了不起，”他嘟囔着，心里想这只不过是5个月的时间。我回答说，“1984年6月11日，”接着便是一段沉默。我们两人都明白，如果过去17个月持续做空黄豆，每份合约的利润会超过10000元。
Regrettably, this sort of conversation has been repeated countless times over the past 30 years, leading me to the inescapable conclusion that each trader’s worst enemy is neither the market nor the other players. It is he, himself…aided and abetted by his misguided hopes and fears, his lack of discipline to trade with the trend and to allow profits to run while limiting losses on bad positions, his boredom and inertia, his apparent need for“action,” and his lack of confidence in his own(frequently correct) analysis and trading decisions.
遗憾的是，过去30年来，这类谈话一直重复不断，我得下结论说，任何一位交易者最大的敌人绝不是市场或其他玩家，而是他自己。他们的缺点表现在：受到妄想的鼓舞，受到恐惧的教唆，没有顺势交易，不会“截住损失，让利润奔跑”，感到无聊，坏习惯，冲动交易，对自己（经常是正确的）分析和交易决策缺乏信心。
Someone once said that the surest way to make a small fortune in futures trading is to start with a large fortune. Unfortunately, there is considerable truth in that bit of cynical logic. Clearly, the losers outnumber the winners by a substantial margin. So what is it that continues to attract an increasing number of investors to this game? For me, it is the knowledge-confirmed by nearly 30 years of personal experience- that the futures market is clearly the best way for an investor to have the opportunity to parlay a modest initial stake into a substantial fortune. For a trade firm or financial institution the futures markets present a means of laying off(hedging) financial risks and, in fact, having the potential to make a profit on dealings that would otherwise be a sure loss. Countless family fortunes and international mercantile empires had their humble beginnings in canny and profitable commodity dealings.
有人曾经说，要想在期货交易上赚到一笔财富，最确定的方法是先要拥有一大笔财富。不幸的事是，这种愤世嫉俗式的逻辑却隐含着普遍的真理。很明显，输家比赢家多得多。既然如此，为什么这个游戏仍然能吸引一批又一批投资者？根据我近30年来的经验，我认为期货市场显然对投资者而言，诱惑就是一开始就有机会以一小笔赌本赢到巨大财富。对贸易商和金融机构而言，期货市场则提供了一种对冲财务风险的方法，而且还能够在交易中获利，相反，也会亏损。无数家族的财富以及国际商业王国都是以精明且获利十足的期货交易起家的。
But surely it takes far more than desire and wishful thinking for the operator to break into the winners circle. To be successful, an investor must be practical and objective, pragmatic and disciplined, and, above all, independent and confident in his analysis and market strategy. One maxim, which has consistently guided me during scores of trading campaigns, comes from Jesse Livermore, perhaps the most successful lone market operator during the first half of this century:“There is only one side of the market, and it is not the bull side or bear side, but the right side.”
交易者要想进入赢家行列，光有欲望和一厢情愿的想法是肯定不行的。要想成功，投资者必须实际而且客观，务实而且守纪律，更重要的是，要独立，并对自己独到的分析和市场策略满怀信心。在无数次的交易中，始终指引我的一句名言即来自于杰西•利弗莫尔，他或许是本世纪头50年间最成功的独立交易者。他表示：“市场只有一个方向，不是多头，也不是空头，而是做对的方向。”
I’ve spent my entire professional career as a practitioner in quest of speculative profits. But I still consider myself both student and practitioner for, in reality, you never stop learning about markets, price trends, and trading strategy. After all these years, I’m still concerned with the quest for profits- no, for substantial profits- from the markets. Considering the tremendous financial risks involved, the emotional strain, and the feelings of loneliness, isolation, self-doubt, and, at times, sheer terror which are the futures operator’s almost constant companions, you shouldn’t be content with merely making“profits.” Substantial profits must be your goal.
我一生以追求投机利润作为我的专业生涯。但我还是认定自己即是学生又是专业交易者，毕竟在现实里，你必须坚持研究市场、价格趋势和交易策略。经历这些年，我仍关心从市场上获取利润——不，是获取暴利。但在衡量巨大的财务风险、紧张、孤独、孤立、疑虑、甚至莫名的恐惧，当然这几乎都是期货交易者的经常伴侣，你不应该只以“利润”为满足，暴利必须成为你的目标。
That is what this book is all about. It’s about the strategy and the tactics of seeking substantial profits from the markets. It’s about getting aboard a significant trend near its inception and riding it to as near to its conclusion as humanly possible. It is about making more on your winning trades and losing less on your losers. It is about pyramiding your winning positions to maximize profits while keeping losses under control.
这就是本书所要谈的。本书内容涉及从市场赚取暴利的策略以及战术。本书要谈的是如何在市场即将发动大行情之际上车，并且力所能及地稳坐到行情结束。本书内容也包括教你如何在赚钱的交易赚得更多，在亏钱的交易亏得更少。本书也会告诉你在赚钱的仓位中以金字塔方式加仓以追求最大利润并控制好亏损。
It is my belief, confirmed in the real world of tens of thousands of trades made by hundreds of traders, that viable money management strategy and tactics are as important to an overall profitable operation as a first-class trading system or technique.
我相信，已经有几百个交易者通过成千上万次的交易实战确认了，有效的资金管理策略和战术，与一流的交易系统或技术一样重要。
And, although I would ideally prefer to have both, my priority would be for the best in strategy and tactics. You will do better, in my option, with first-class strategy and tactics and a mediocre trading system than the reverse. A significant portion of this book will be concerned with elaborating on that premise because I consider first-class strategy and tactics as the linchpin of any successful trading campaign.
另外，对于上面所说的，虽然理想上我希望二者兼备，但我会首选一流的策略和战术，辅以普通的交易系统。我认为，如果运用一流的策略和战术，辅以普通的交易系统，结果会比你运用一流的交易系统，辅以普通的策略和战术要好。本书大部分内容会详细说明这个结论，因为我认为一流的策略和战术是一切成功交易的关键。
One final word before you embark on this book. Readers may write to me, in care of the publisher, about any aspects of this book they would like to discuss further. I will respond to the best of my ability and time availability.
在阅读本书之前，还要提醒一点。读者可以写信给我，请出版商转交，我愿意进一步和读者讨论书中的任何问题。我会尽已所能并抓紧时间回复。（张轶注：克罗在1999年去世了。）
Stanley Kroll
斯坦利•克罗
期货交易名言
期货交易名言
1. Plan your trades and trade your plans.
为你的交易做好计划；按你的计划执行交易。
2. Hope and fear are the two greatest enemies of speculators.
期冀和恐惧是投机者两个最大枯桐的敌人。
3. Keep records of your trading results.
对你的交易结果做好纪录。
4. Maintain a positive attitude no matter how much you lose.
不管你输了多少，保持一个积极的态度。
5. Avoid overconfidence--it could be your greatest enemy.
不要过分自信--它会成为你最大的仇敌。
6. Continually set higher trading goals.
不断设定更高的交易目标。
7. Stops are the key to success for many traders--limit your losses!
设定止损是很多交易者成功的关键--限制你的亏搜败陪损！
8. The most successful traders are those that trade long term.
最成功的交易商是做长线交易的交易商。
9. Successful traders buy into bad news＆sell into good news.
成功的交易者在坏消息时买，在好消息时世蠢卖。
10. The successful trader is not afraid to buy high＆sell low.
成功的交易者不怕在高位时买进，在低位时卖出。
11. Successful traders have a well scheduled planned time for studying the markets.
成功的交易者有效地规划时间来进行市场研究。
12. Successful traders set profit objectives for each trade they enter.
成功的交易者为他们所做的每一笔交易都设定有赢利目标。
13. Do not collect the opinions of others before entering trades--facts are priceless--opinions are worthless. In short successful traders isolate themselves from the opinions of others.
不要在还没进入交易以前就到处征求意见--事实价值无穷、意见一文不值。简单地说，成功的交易者不为别人的意见所左右。
14. Continually strive for patience, perseverance, determination, and rational action.
不断地为耐心、毅力、决断和理性的行为作努力。
15. Never get out of the market just because you have lost patience or get into the market because you are anxious from waiting.
决不要因为失去耐心而退出市场，也决不要因为迫不及待而进入市场。
16. Avoid getting in or out of the market too often.
进出市场不要过于频繁。
17. The most profitable trading tool is simply following the trend.
最佳的赢利方法就是跟随趋势。
18. Never change your position in the market without a good reason. When you make a trade, let it be for some good reason or according to a definite plan; then do not get out without a definite indication of a change in trend.
除非有充分的理由，不要改变你在市场里的头寸。每做一手交易时，你都要有可以依据的理由或者明确的计划；此后，除非有明确的趋势改变的迹象，不要退出。
19. Losses make the speculator studious--not profits. Take advantage of every loss to improve your knowledge of market action.
赔钱不能赢利，但能使投机者细心钻研。抓住每一次赔钱的机会，改进你对市场行为的了解。
20. The most difficult task in speculation is not prediction but self－control. Successful trading is difficult and frustrating. You are the most important element in the success equation.
在投机里最难的任务不是预测，而是自我控制。成功的交易是艰难和令人烦恼的交易。在成功的等式里，你是最重要的因素。
21. The basic substance of price change is human emotion. Panic, fear, greed, insecurity, anxiety, stress, and uncertainty are the primary sources of short－term price change.
价格变化的基本要素是人的情感。慌乱、恐惧、贪婪、不安全感、担心、压力和犹豫不定，这些是短期价格变动的主要根源。
22. Bullish consensus is typically at its high when the market is at a top. Also there are few bulls at major bottoms.
典型地说，当市场在顶部时，异口同声地看多的人最多；在重大的底部时，很少有人持牛市的观点。
23. Watch the spreads i.e., don't be bullish if inverses are narrowing.
注意多空套做。也就是说，如果逆差在减小，不要看多。
24. Remember that a bear market will give up in one month what a bull market has taken 3 months to build.
记住，一个月的熊市能让你失去在三个月的牛市中所得到的。
25. Identify"the dominant factor" in each commodity. Be prepared to redefine this factor as conditions change.
找到每一种商品期货里的"决定性因素"。随着情况的变化，随时准备重新判定着一因素。
26. Expand your sources for market info but limit your sources for market opinion.
扩充你的市场信息来源；限制你的市场意见来源。
27. Don't ever allow a big winning trade to turn into a loser. Stop yourself out if market moves against you 20％ from your peak profit point.
永远不要让一场大赢的交易转变为输家。如果市场使你的赢利从最高处下滑了20％，止损出市。
28. It is never possible to know everything about anything. A commodity trader is in constant danger.
没有人能够做到万事皆知。从事期货交易总要面临危险。
29. Successful trading requires four things. Knowledge, disciplined courage, money, and the energy to merge the first 3 properly.
交易要具备四大要素才能成功：知识、控制得当的勇气、金钱以及将这三者妥善结合在一起的精力。
30. Expect and accept losses gracefully. Those who brood over losses always miss the next opportunity, which more than likely will be profitable.
预见到会有亏损，雍容大度地接受亏损。那些对亏损苦思冥想的人总是失去下一个机会，而下一个机会很可能是个赢利的机会。
31. The one essential ingredient to making money with money and keeping it is having an organized effort.
用钱来挣钱以及保住钱的一个根本要素是做事要有板有眼。
32. Unless you progress, you go backwards. Once you complete a trading goal it is crucial that you immediately set a new goal.
不进则退。要紧的是一旦实现了一个交易目标，你应该立刻设定一个新的目标。
