斯坦利期货 斯坦利期货交易策略
期货经典书籍
《期货市场技术分析》(墨菲)
这是一部技术分析的工具书、教科书。
本书涵盖了技术分析自道氏以来所有重要的研究成果。
因此,是期货交易者的入门必读书目之一。
我在做期货的前几年弊改也至少读了三遍以上。
《日本蜡烛图技术》(尼森)
蜡烛图是目前最常见的看盘的基本工具,也是分析市场、指导交易的最基础的工具。
因此,熟悉蜡烛图的原理和使用方法,这同样也是一个基础性的准备工耐档作。
《股票作手回忆录》译者丁圣元
描述了有史以来最出色的股票投资人——杰西·利弗莫尔(Jesse Livermore)波澜起伏的精彩投资生涯。
书中的那些真知灼见对投资人深具启发,影响了数代的投资人,一代又一代的读者发现从书中的受益要比从市场和有多年经验的投资者们教给的东西要多很多。
即使在八十多年后的今天依然适用,使得本书成为历史上首屈一指的投资经典名著。
《期货交易策略》作者斯坦利·克罗
斯坦利·克罗是美国著名的期货专家,1960年进入全球金融中心华尔街。
他在华尔街的33年之中,一直在期货市场上从事商品期货交易,积累了大量的经验。
在20世纪70年代初的商品期货暴涨行情中,用1.8万美元获利100万美元。
岁月流逝,财富积累,斯坦利·克罗带着他在华尔街聚集的几百万美元,远离这一充满竞争的市场,漫游世界,独享人生。
5年的游历中,斯坦利·克罗潜心研究经济理论及金融、投资理论,他最著名的两本专著是《期货交易策略》和《职业期货投资者》。
《华尔街幽灵》作者阿瑟·L.辛普森
1997年,美国著名的“期货杂志”交易论坛上有一位自称“幽灵”的神秘交易大师,他把30年成功交易的经验,归纳为3个规则,并与助理阿瑟·L.辛普森通过对话交流的形式。
毫无保留地公开了自己成租亩判功交易的秘诀和方法体系,迅速成为“期货杂志”交易论坛上的超级大热门。
期货电子书
《克罗谈期货交易策略》
Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy(Stanley Kroll, 1988)
是本好书,需要的话留个邮箱我发给你
以下是书的引子和序:
FOREWORD
引子
In John Train’s excellent book, The Money Masters, he writes about the careers and professional methods of nine great investors. Among them are several stars whose names are well known to all of us- Warren Buffet, Benjamin Graham, T. Rowe Price, Larry Tisch, and John Templeton. There, among this“Murderers’ Row” of investors, you will also find the name of Stanley Kroll. Train describes the commodities business, where Stanley made his money, as an“impossible casino.” If this is so, Kroll has had some good runs at the gaming table, and they clearly are no accident or mere luck.
在《股市大亨》这本佳作中,作者约翰•崔恩描述了9位投资大师的生平事迹和专业技能。其中几位明星——沃伦•巴菲特,本杰明•格雷厄姆,T•袭没洛威•普莱斯,拉里•狄许和约翰•坦普顿,他们都是我们熟悉的大师。在这些堪称“谋杀者行列”的投资者中,你也能找到斯坦利•克罗的大名。崔恩描述了斯坦利在“不可能赌场”中赚钱的期货告慧交易。果真如此,克罗袜禅答在赌桌上的确演出了几场精彩好戏,这绝非意外或纯属运气。
In the 1970s, Stanley had a three-year run during which he built$18,000 of his own money into$1 million. And he performed with equally spectacular skill for his partners. It’s best to leave the other tales of Stanley’s exploits to readers of Train’s book. Suffice it to say that they are impressive displays of guts and brains.
70年代,斯坦利有一场为时3年的演出,他将自己的18000元增值到100万元,他为他的合伙人也赚到了相同的报酬。斯坦利其它的精彩演出,读者可以从崔恩的著作一窥究竟。不用多说,这些表现明白地展现出他的胆识和智慧。
I am not a“commodities man” myself. I try to stick to the paths that I understand better, primarily equities and debt instruments. For me, reading Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy was an education. The thing that most impresses me about the book is that virtually all the major tenets of Kroll’s advice are rooted in a constant regard for discipline and common sense. In short, the best parts of his advice share the underpinnings of any good investment strategy- watch the markets carefully, do copious research, and keep a level head. As Stanley points out, hapless traders act“on the basis of emotion instead of discipline, sentiment instead of logic, and subjectivity instead of objectivity.”
我并非“期货人”。我试图坚守在自己比较了解的金融工具,主要是股票和债券。对我而言,阅读《克罗谈期货交易策略》是一种学习。令我印象最深刻的是,克罗建议中最重要的原则几乎完全根植于对纪律和常识的关注。简而言之,他最佳的建议透露出一切良好投资策略的基础——用心观察市场,深入研究,保持客观。斯坦利指出,不幸的交易者“根据情绪而非纪律,依据感觉而非逻辑,以主观而非客观行事。”
Stanley’s trading philosophy draws most of its important principles from a central core that is key to almost all investing- identify the major ongoing trend of each market and trade in the direction of the dominant trend. Most really savvy investors know that this is as much a key of making money in equities as it is in commodities. One of the reasons that Stanley is highly regarded and has done so well is that his feet are grounded in concrete and not in clay.
斯坦利的交易哲学从一个核心思想导出若干重要原则,这个核心思想几乎是所有投资行为的关键——辨别出市场的重大趋势,并且顺势交易。多数聪明的投资者都明白这个核心思想,在期货市场和股票市场获利的关键是一样的。斯坦利表现良好且受重视的原因之一,即是他脚踏实地而非浮沙建塔。
When you meet Stanley, as I have many times, you are immediately impressed by how little this expert on commodities claims to know. This is one of the greatest strengths of most real experts. They don’t get overly confident or pretend omniscience. Better to constantly assume that you don’t know enough and constantly investigate your assumptions and numbers; hence, another important Kroll tenet-play in the real world. As he puts it,“the need for a disciplined and objective approach to futures trading is a recurring theme in this book.” Realistically, it is the theme of the book.
如果你见到斯坦利,会和我见到他一样,他认为交易期货不需要了解太多的东西,你会对这个观点印象深刻。这也正是大多数真正专家最突出的优点之一。他们不会过度自信或假装什么都知道。最好是承认自己知识不足,而不断研究自己的假设和数字。斯坦利另一个重要原则是——做真实的交易。正如他所说,“期货交易所需要的纪律和客观方法是本书一再重复的主题。”其实,这就是本书的主题。
Reading Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy can do a little something for all investors. It will not make you into an avid commodities trader overnight, but there is solid advice for each of us. For the novice, it brings a sense, stated in plain English, of how these markets operate and what investing“systems” can work well. For the expert, the book contains plenty of details for resharpening already good steel. For the investor in general, Stanley offers a sense of what makes good investors really good- consistent hard effort on research and the discipline to put it to work participating in significant market trends. Everyone with money in any market can benefit from a healthy dose of Stanley’s advice.
阅读《克罗谈期货交易策略》一书,能使所有投资者有所收获。它不会让你一夜之间成为鲜活的期货交易者,但本书为我们提供了可靠的建议。对新手而言,书中用平铺直叙的文字告诉你市场是如何运作的,以及哪种投资“系统”能带来利润。对专家而言,本书的很多细节能让你锦上添花。对于普通投资者而言,斯坦利提出优秀投资者成功的线索——不断努力研究,并且付诸行动,以有纪律的方式顺势交易。任何投资者都可以从斯坦利的合理建议中受益。
Douglas A. McIntyre
President& Publisher
FINANCIAL WORLD
New York City
May 27, 1987
道格拉斯•A•麦金太尔
总裁兼发行人
《金融世界》杂志
纽约市
1987年5月27日
PREFACE
作者序言
The fund manager from Seattle, visibly agitated, had been giving me a hard time. It was a bleak mid-November afternoon in 1985, and he had come to Port Washington to talk to me about his futures trading. As we sat in the paneled salon of my boat-cum-office-cum-residence, he painfully described how he had been whipsawed in soybeans over the past year in a succession of losing trades- despite what appeared to have been a reasonably(down) trending market. Trouble was, he had allowed himself to be influenced by news, TV reports, and trade gossip. Although he had gotten onto the right(short) side of the market at times, he invariably panicked(he called it“defensive posturing”) and closed out his good positions at nearly every countertrend rally that came along. He somehow“managed” to hang onto his losing trades during this period, which considerably worsened his already dismal performance. His state of mind during our meeting matched his gloomy track record.
西雅图来访的基金经理人,显然情绪不安,给我带来了挑战。那是1985年11月中旬一个寒冷的下午,他来到华盛顿港,和我讨论他的期货交易。当时我们坐在既是住处又是办公室的船舱中,他痛苦地描述着,过去几年他一直在黄豆市场惨遭洗盘,造成一连串损失的经历——他竟然看不出来那是个很合理的下跌趋势。他的问题是,他让自己受到新闻、电视报导和小道消息的影响。虽然有时候他会抓对市场趋势(下跌),却始终受到惊吓(他称之为“防守”),总是在之后的行情反弹时平仓了。不知为何,他又会抱牢亏钱的仓位,使得原本表现欠佳的成绩雪上加霜。他和我谈话时所表露的心态,和他差劲的交易纪录吻合。
Having gotten his grim confession off his chest, he asked, rather testily, what my trading system had done in beans over the period.“It’s been short since June 11,” was my response.“June 11? What’s so great about that,” he managed to grumble, mentally calculating the time interval as being just five months.“June 11 of 1984,” I replied. A long silence ensued. We both knew that, having being continuously short of soybeans for the past 17 months, the profit in the position exceeded$10,000 per contract.
在一吐心中愤闷后,他不耐烦地问道,我的交易系统这段时间在黄豆市场的表现如何?我回答,“从6月11日开始,交易系统一直指示做空,”。“6月11日?那有什么了不起,”他嘟囔着,心里想这只不过是5个月的时间。我回答说,“1984年6月11日,”接着便是一段沉默。我们两人都明白,如果过去17个月持续做空黄豆,每份合约的利润会超过10000元。
Regrettably, this sort of conversation has been repeated countless times over the past 30 years, leading me to the inescapable conclusion that each trader’s worst enemy is neither the market nor the other players. It is he, himself…aided and abetted by his misguided hopes and fears, his lack of discipline to trade with the trend and to allow profits to run while limiting losses on bad positions, his boredom and inertia, his apparent need for“action,” and his lack of confidence in his own(frequently correct) analysis and trading decisions.
遗憾的是,过去30年来,这类谈话一直重复不断,我得下结论说,任何一位交易者最大的敌人绝不是市场或其他玩家,而是他自己。他们的缺点表现在:受到妄想的鼓舞,受到恐惧的教唆,没有顺势交易,不会“截住损失,让利润奔跑”,感到无聊,坏习惯,冲动交易,对自己(经常是正确的)分析和交易决策缺乏信心。
Someone once said that the surest way to make a small fortune in futures trading is to start with a large fortune. Unfortunately, there is considerable truth in that bit of cynical logic. Clearly, the losers outnumber the winners by a substantial margin. So what is it that continues to attract an increasing number of investors to this game? For me, it is the knowledge-confirmed by nearly 30 years of personal experience- that the futures market is clearly the best way for an investor to have the opportunity to parlay a modest initial stake into a substantial fortune. For a trade firm or financial institution the futures markets present a means of laying off(hedging) financial risks and, in fact, having the potential to make a profit on dealings that would otherwise be a sure loss. Countless family fortunes and international mercantile empires had their humble beginnings in canny and profitable commodity dealings.
有人曾经说,要想在期货交易上赚到一笔财富,最确定的方法是先要拥有一大笔财富。不幸的事是,这种愤世嫉俗式的逻辑却隐含着普遍的真理。很明显,输家比赢家多得多。既然如此,为什么这个游戏仍然能吸引一批又一批投资者?根据我近30年来的经验,我认为期货市场显然对投资者而言,诱惑就是一开始就有机会以一小笔赌本赢到巨大财富。对贸易商和金融机构而言,期货市场则提供了一种对冲财务风险的方法,而且还能够在交易中获利,相反,也会亏损。无数家族的财富以及国际商业王国都是以精明且获利十足的期货交易起家的。
But surely it takes far more than desire and wishful thinking for the operator to break into the winners circle. To be successful, an investor must be practical and objective, pragmatic and disciplined, and, above all, independent and confident in his analysis and market strategy. One maxim, which has consistently guided me during scores of trading campaigns, comes from Jesse Livermore, perhaps the most successful lone market operator during the first half of this century:“There is only one side of the market, and it is not the bull side or bear side, but the right side.”
交易者要想进入赢家行列,光有欲望和一厢情愿的想法是肯定不行的。要想成功,投资者必须实际而且客观,务实而且守纪律,更重要的是,要独立,并对自己独到的分析和市场策略满怀信心。在无数次的交易中,始终指引我的一句名言即来自于杰西•利弗莫尔,他或许是本世纪头50年间最成功的独立交易者。他表示:“市场只有一个方向,不是多头,也不是空头,而是做对的方向。”
I’ve spent my entire professional career as a practitioner in quest of speculative profits. But I still consider myself both student and practitioner for, in reality, you never stop learning about markets, price trends, and trading strategy. After all these years, I’m still concerned with the quest for profits- no, for substantial profits- from the markets. Considering the tremendous financial risks involved, the emotional strain, and the feelings of loneliness, isolation, self-doubt, and, at times, sheer terror which are the futures operator’s almost constant companions, you shouldn’t be content with merely making“profits.” Substantial profits must be your goal.
我一生以追求投机利润作为我的专业生涯。但我还是认定自己即是学生又是专业交易者,毕竟在现实里,你必须坚持研究市场、价格趋势和交易策略。经历这些年,我仍关心从市场上获取利润——不,是获取暴利。但在衡量巨大的财务风险、紧张、孤独、孤立、疑虑、甚至莫名的恐惧,当然这几乎都是期货交易者的经常伴侣,你不应该只以“利润”为满足,暴利必须成为你的目标。
That is what this book is all about. It’s about the strategy and the tactics of seeking substantial profits from the markets. It’s about getting aboard a significant trend near its inception and riding it to as near to its conclusion as humanly possible. It is about making more on your winning trades and losing less on your losers. It is about pyramiding your winning positions to maximize profits while keeping losses under control.
这就是本书所要谈的。本书内容涉及从市场赚取暴利的策略以及战术。本书要谈的是如何在市场即将发动大行情之际上车,并且力所能及地稳坐到行情结束。本书内容也包括教你如何在赚钱的交易赚得更多,在亏钱的交易亏得更少。本书也会告诉你在赚钱的仓位中以金字塔方式加仓以追求最大利润并控制好亏损。
It is my belief, confirmed in the real world of tens of thousands of trades made by hundreds of traders, that viable money management strategy and tactics are as important to an overall profitable operation as a first-class trading system or technique.
我相信,已经有几百个交易者通过成千上万次的交易实战确认了,有效的资金管理策略和战术,与一流的交易系统或技术一样重要。
And, although I would ideally prefer to have both, my priority would be for the best in strategy and tactics. You will do better, in my option, with first-class strategy and tactics and a mediocre trading system than the reverse. A significant portion of this book will be concerned with elaborating on that premise because I consider first-class strategy and tactics as the linchpin of any successful trading campaign.
另外,对于上面所说的,虽然理想上我希望二者兼备,但我会首选一流的策略和战术,辅以普通的交易系统。我认为,如果运用一流的策略和战术,辅以普通的交易系统,结果会比你运用一流的交易系统,辅以普通的策略和战术要好。本书大部分内容会详细说明这个结论,因为我认为一流的策略和战术是一切成功交易的关键。
One final word before you embark on this book. Readers may write to me, in care of the publisher, about any aspects of this book they would like to discuss further. I will respond to the best of my ability and time availability.
在阅读本书之前,还要提醒一点。读者可以写信给我,请出版商转交,我愿意进一步和读者讨论书中的任何问题。我会尽已所能并抓紧时间回复。(张轶注:克罗在1999年去世了。)
Stanley Kroll
斯坦利•克罗
期货购买如何把控时间
大师们进场都会参考技术分析寻找买入时机,下面将给投资者介绍有关的技术分析。由于国内股票、期货市场的运行的时间只有10年多的时间,早期市场的参与者不是很普遍,市场经常操作于几个大户的手中,市场的经常出现了价格的扭曲,违背了技术分析中需要参与者多的原则,所以中国期货、股票市场的技术走势都很有中国自己的特点,不完全参照国外经典技术图形等的走势。
技术分析法是指投资者通过考察交易数据中有预测价值的模式,然后通过考察及当前价格的状况,并根据这种模式进行投资的方法。江恩理论:江恩角度线、四方形、轮中轮等。作为一个成熟的技术分析派投资者,需要对以上的分析方法都要进行学习,苦是乐之种。技术分析是建立在历史会重演的基础上的,根据以往的价格的走势统计出各种上升或下跌时的图形或技术指标发出的信号的成功率,投资者选择成功率高的图形或技术指标进行交易,获利将大于亏损,只有这样才能在实战前做倒心中有数。从概率论上讲就是,百分之多少走好,或者百分之多少走坏。
布林线之父布林前扮线创始人约翰·布林格
活学活用
某股评家的儿子是个网迷,零花钱全都送给了网吧。为筹网资,上个月把随身听给卖了。上星期又卖掉了电吉它。昨天竟把上学的自行车也给卖了。
股评家知道后勃然大怒,喝斥道:混帐东西!我和你妈省吃俭用买这些东西容易吗,你怎么不晓得上进?
儿子不以为然:我怎么不上进啦?你作股评时常说会买是徒弟,会卖才是师傅嘛!
30多位大师中多人都提倒在交易决策过程中很依赖自己设计的技术分析交易体系特别是在市场较为混乱时,还能坚决执行既定的交易计划,使投资者保持前后一致的获胜概率,像索罗斯、索罗斯和他的首席助手斯坦利·德鲁肯米勒、理查·丹尼斯、安得烈·布殊、斯坦利克罗等人,在像寻找大方向可以通过基本分析法结合技术分析,寻找完美精确的进场点。大师们进场都会参考技术分析寻找买入时机,下面将给投资者介绍有关的技术分析。“外汇操盘手”
由于国内股票、期货市场的运行的时间只有10年多的时间,早期市场的参与者不是很普遍,市场经常操作于几个大户的手中,市场的经常出现了价格的扭曲,违背了技术分析中需要参与者多的原则,所以中国期货、股票市场的技术走势都很有中国自己的特点,不完全参照国外经典技术图形等的走势。所以投资者要根据国内市场的特点,有所区别对待。
技术分析
技术分析法是指投资者通过考察交易数据中有预测价值的模式,然后通过考察及当前价格的状况,并根据这种模式进行投资的方法。这种方法有着大量的方法和变化的花样。有的仅仅是使用可视的图表,如k线图、点线图;有的则使用电脑体系化搜索经过的"优化"的计算机模型。
流行按照分析理论有下面5大主流技术分析法:
1k线图形:日本蜡烛图、理查·丹尼斯的著名"海龟交易体系"都是使用这类理论2技术指标体系:rsi、kdj、移动平均线等常用指标3江恩理论:江恩角度线、四方形、轮中轮等,4波浪理论:艾慧弯灶略特波浪理论
5周期理论:费波纳兹数字、节气周期等
按照市场走势特征分为:
1.趋势型分析法
2.盘整型分析法
作为一个成熟的技术分析派投资者,需要对以上的分析方法都要进行学习,苦是乐之种。尤其是在学习投资的初段,不要过快的确定自己的风格,要尝试多种的交易分析方法,不断的模拟和实战测试,在还没有成熟以前一定要借鉴市场流行的和成功人士的风格、心得,因为在自己不成熟的情况下闭门造车设计出来的东西,肯定是不完善的,要善于学习成功人士的心得、风格、分析方法,最为理想的交易信号是,是5大主流技术分析法相互印证发闹散出的共振点和合力点买入信号。
技术分析与概率
技术分析是建立在历史会重演的基础上的,根据以往的价格的走势统计出各种上升或下跌时的图形或技术指标发出的信号的成功率,投资者选择成功率高的图形或技术指标进行交易,获利将大于亏损,只有这样才能在实战前做倒心中有数。不会产生对市场的方向模糊不定的心理!
投资市场上没有绝对的获胜把握。在技术上,任何一类图形都没有完全走好的,也没有完全走坏的,但有相对性,即有大多数走好,或者大多数走坏之别。从概率论上讲就是,百分之多少走好,或者百分之多少走坏。
我个人认为,如果某类图形或技术指标发出的信号的成功概率是:
1.90%:大胆地重仓操作;例如:旗型93·5%
2.80%,可1/3以上仓位操作;
3.70%,可1/4以上仓位操作;
4.70%以下,绝不参与。
所谓90%,即100次某类图形或技术指标发出的信号,9次赚钱;1次走坏,赔钱。我可以用1次的利润来弥补另外1次的亏损,即使1次不够,用2次完全可以了吧,这样还有7倒8次是纯利润,坚持下去,一年下来,利润将相当可观。这些成功率需要投资者经过大量的统计得出科学的结论。2004年1月我碰倒美国"长期资本公司"的一位旧员工,现任美国高盛集团(goldman)的大额交易部副总裁,给我介绍了美国华尔街的有关分析方法,他们都分成重视数量统计分析。我还从李副总裁得倒在美国呼风唤雨的"长期资本公司"当年交易的方法和1998年几乎倒闭的内情。
有的图形或技术指标发出的信号非常特别,即使有1只涨得非常好,哪怕翻几番,但同类的其它图形,可能有9次都失败了,这种图形技术指标发出的信号没有普遍性,根本说明不了问题,即使赚钱也是靠运气。
当然,这种计算方法只是从交易数量上计算,没有考虑涨幅和跌幅,如果考虑涨跌幅,如果我们以5%为止损点,亏损时5%算失败,但涨幅却没有上限,那利润就相当可观了。
期货大师斯坦利克罗的结局是什么
逝世于1999年退去期货界后由于过于肥胖最后死于心肌梗塞。
美国期货大师,1934年出生,1999年去世。
在20世纪70年代初的商品期货暴涨行情中,用1.8万美元获利100万美元。60岁时,斯坦利·克罗带着他在华尔街聚集的几百万美元,远离这一充满竞争的市场,漫游世界,独享人生,65岁时因为心肌梗死而去世。
《职业期货炒手》一书成稿于克罗先生期货交易的早期阶段,记载了其早期的交易思想和投资实践。从书中内容来看,虽然这几年克罗先生在期货市场上大显身手、盈利颇丰,但就交易思想来备绝仿看却远谈不上稳定和成熟,显得杂乱无章、不无冲突矛盾。
书中克罗先生既强调趋势交易的重要,但又做了大仿纤量的短线交易甚至是日内短线交易;既说自己的交易以技术分析为主,但实际上又经常夹杂基本面分析,甚至小道消息、市场传闻;既强调“截断亏损,让利润奔跑”,又在实宏改践中多次盈利提前出场或逆势死扛。